Mini les 4

                                        ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

How to pronounce –ed

All regular verbs end in –ed  in the simple past and the past participle

3 ways to pronounce the –ed:>span class="Apple-converted-space">    ‘id’      ‘d’        ‘t’

1) If the verb ends in a T or a D the –ed ending is pronounced ‘id’ (sounds like ‘did’) and it is an extra syllable: want-id, end-id

2) If the verb ends in a P, PH, TCH, SH, S, K, X the –ed ending is pronounced 

as a ‘t’ and there is no extra syllable: hope-hoped, laugh-laughed, watch-watched, like-liked, etc.

3) With all other sounds, the –ed is pronounced like a ‘d’ and there is 

no extra syllable: play-played, allow-allowed, beg-begged

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How to pronounce 'ch'

span class="Apple-converted-space"> 

1) The 'hard' sound as in character, charisma, chaos, ache, echo, chemist (sounds like a 'k')

2) The 'soft' sound as in chocolate, children, choice, chicken, chair,

beach, each, lunch, much, chat

3) The 'sh' sound as in chef, machine, parachute, pistachio, chauffeur,

TIP:  nation also has the 'sh' sound  (option, caution)

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How to pronounce 'gh'

There are two sounds for 'gh' when found at the end of a word

1)  'Silent' as in through, though, dough

2). Like an 'f' as in cough, enough, tough, rough

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How to pronounce 'ou'

There are four sounds for 'ou'

1) Rhymes with 'KOE':  through  ('threw' sounds exactly the same)

2) Rhymes with 'het LOO': though, dough

3) Rhymes with (no sound in het Nederlands, sorry )-: )  'uh', 'duh: enough, rough, tough

4) Rhymes with 'awesome', awful;  cough

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How to pronounce 's' and 'z'

There are two sounds for 's'

1) The 'hiss' which sounds like a snake or a kettle boiling 'ssssssss': kiss, miss, gas

2) The 'z' as in 'ZOU', ZULKE': has, is, was, choose, chose, lose, 

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How to pronounce 'v' and 'w' 

There is only one sound for 'v' which sounds like the Dutch 'w': very, vote, vacuum, vampire

Wednesday, whether, weather, why, where, when,>span class="Apple-converted-space">  (NOT WHO: which sounds like 'HOE')

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How to pronounce the 'f'

There is only one sound for 'f'. which sounds like the Dutch 'v': fish, friendly, for, foot

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How to pronounce 'oo'

There are two sounds for 'oo'

1) Rhymes with 'OE':  boot, shoot, toot

2) Rhymes with 'duh': foot, look, took, good

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How to pronounce 'g'

span class="Apple-converted-space"> 

1) The 'soft' 'g' as in George, generation, geography, gym, age, rage, energy

2) The 'hard' 'g' as in garden, go, grade, good